Neurology is a medical specialty dealing with disorders of the nervous system. Specifically, it deals with the diagnosis and treatment of all categories of disease involving the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord), peripheral, and autonomic nervous systems, including their coverings, blood vessels, and all effector tissue, such as muscle. Physicians who specialize in neurology are called neurologists, and are trained to investigate, or diagnose and treat, neurological disorders.

Neurological disorders include seizure disorders, Cerebral Palsy, Parkinson's disease and Multiple Sclerosis, and neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease and Lou Gehrig's disease. Neurologists also deal with infections, tumors and traumatic injuries to the brain, spinal cord and peripheral nerves.